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Emergence of Indian  E-media Stations : The How & Why Of   Its Market Dynamics
Sudhir Voleti
Strategic Marketing Research Team
In the Indian context, the market is ripe for one media player to move in early, move in big and be the first to ignite the Network Externality cycle that takes him way beyond the reach of competition. Here lies the opportunity for trend-setting, the rule-making for and the redefining of the contours of an emerging industry.

Net [based] businesses come primarily in two categories:
lThe FLOW based-model: Where the Net is merely another medium for pushing an Old Economy business i.e. attempting to make the Net suit an existing business.
Eg. Amazon, Fabmart
lThe SOURCE-based model: Where the business itself is re-invented to suit the net! [Eg. Dell, ICICI direct etc]
Current media/entertainment sites on the Net [of the non-chat variety] are mainly of the Flow-based model hue. Consider the case of Sa-re-ga-ma.com, which essentially seeks to ‘push’ Old Economy, Net-incompatible low-value items like cassettes and CDs through the Net. Or the case of SonyMusic.com that sells album tracks at $1 per track.

Will they ever see a great success in sales? NO! Why?
lTarget segment: Computer-savvy high SEC individuals who would soon have no incentive to buy music on the net when the same is available in peer-to-peer networks in new formats [mp3 etc]
lCore product: Music/audio/video is digitisable and the cassette/CD represents an inefficient high-overhead way to deliver this core product. Even where the music is offered as a direct download, it is not free.
lValue Proposition: Combine the above two and suddenly the value proposition being offered to the customer doesn’t look as attractive anymore [as in why should THAT customer (their particular target segment) be willing to pay for the services on offer?]
lTV and radio are free because advertisers bear the costs. B2C history is replete with examples of companies biting the dust because for some, their projections of ad revenues went haywire and for others the ‘C’ part of the story—the consumer—they bitterly realised, was increasingly getting averse to paying for anything on the Net.
lThe reason why foreign companies have not yet taken to this could be the heavy investments they have already made in their offline operations. For example, Sony Music sells

   How Indian Net Usage Rates are
   set to explode

    HCL’s INFYNET, Punj Llyod’s SPECTRANET offering bandwidths of 32kbps to home and      corporate users through firm-managed cable modems.
    E-com activity to touch Rs 252 Billion by 2005 in India with 90 per cent in B2B
    MBL estimates 4.5 million net users in India with 85 cent in 8 cities alone
    Net-via cable opportunities. The RPG group is already into this.
    Hardware improvements whereby from one appliance [say, a WebTV or PC] , different lines can be     drawn into different parts of the home to cater exclusively to different people in the
    family!
its music on the Net at $1 per album track and is known to have heavily invested in offline facilities.
It is here that the opportunity for a source-based model of business to enter the Indian market lies, not only to capture media station space but to

actually create the market, become the trendsetter, the rule maker et al.
The core concept: Consider the idea of a ‘one-stop media station’ on the Net which engages in Net broadcasts of music, news, ex-TV serials, soaps, movies and what-have-you using direct streaming audio and video feeds.

The assumptions underlying the source-based
one-stop media station business are:

   Substantial rise in PC penetration and Internet appliances [amongst the target segment]
   Significant drop in broadband access costs
   Home PCs playing direct streaming media using low-cost broadband access.

The core characteristics are all source-based model
paradigms.

Prime among them is the detachment of the business completely from the physical medium. [Look at  the savings in costs and investments. The logic goes further to say that any investments in physical infrastructure of the non-hardware variety will become a liability to source-model companies.]
The core product is transmittable [or digitizable, rather]. Hence, the marginal costs of storage, replication and distribution are tiny compared to comparable physical systems.
The mass-customization phenomenon: Leveraging the inherent strengths of the Net to offer what the consumer wants, the way he wants it.
For example, offering the customer the facility of both customizing his playlist in his individual account [akin to the Winamp playlist] or other playlists as company broadcasts.
lThe Times FM revenue model* [with minor modifications] seems best suited for this purpose. Times FM, one of the most successful FM radio channels in India, charged around 80np per song it played from music companies and its ad rates per second were also competitive and attractive. It managed to attract this revenue because it could boast a loyal high-end user base.
Result: It did well and almost killed the mismanaged A.I.R FM business. A similar model for our media station would mean similar fundamentals in business philosophy and in the customer base.
Reasons why this model will work hinge on one principal factor. The trick is to kickstart a self-reinforcing cycle whereby our media station becomes THE stop-shop for Indian media—streaming and live.
Once set in motion, the self-reinforcing cycle does exactly that—it reinforces its own position in the marketplace and in customer mindspace and its market power grows exponentially—a phenomenon known in management jargon as Positive Network Externalities. That will push everybody to the station—customers [raising the user base], fresh talent and content supply [artistes/bands in music; content providers etc] and even other media companies [attempting to popularise their own products on this station]. Revenue thus accrues from this more stable B2B source.
There is space in here only for one or maybe two large players who will dominate the market.

Mass customization works both ways

It becomes a rich opportunity for the media station to collect information about its users’ viewing/seeking behavior. An extensive database can be built about what the emerging trends will be like in the radio/music / TV /bookselling /newspaper & magazine markets as the users of the media station facility are early adopters, predicting trends in each of these markets about what will likely sell in the Old Economy markets.
Needless to say, such a rich database can be put to rich, commercial use. Credit card companies in the West were the first to see this opportunity and apply it in practice, resulting in legal issues like ‘Who owns the Information?’ Privacy Law violations are also being investigated as regards commercial exploitation of personal information.
Where else is the Web-casting
phenomenon happening
in the world?

l Broadcast.com: claims to be the original webcasting site. Contains news, music, video, events etc . Is slick, professional, extensive and nowadays increasingly live.
l InterneTV.com: This site has everything—music, video, film, performing arts, original programming, live, audio, even pay-per-view and a variety of video players.
l Filmfilm.com: offers to stream your films over the Internet free! An example of free enterprise at its best!
l Alwaysindependentfilms.com and cheesewars.com are other webcasting dotcoms catching up.
A boost to the strategic groups concept are others who are attempting to build the user base and some who are already using their existing bases for webcasting applications are the traditional music files online exchange sites—www.scour.com has tied up with Marimax to leverage its 3-4 million user base and transmit Marimax’s full-length movies, animated shows as well as short trailers over the Net.
Prospects & potential players in the Web-cast/media station business
Traditional Media companies like Bennett Coleman & Co, New Economy entrants like the RPG group, the Reliance group etc, foreign companies like MTV, Rupert Murdoch’s Star Networks, large cable companies or Multi-service operators [MSOs], big name music companies like HMV or their retail fronts like Music World etc.
Competitive Advantages in the Web-casting Station Sphere:
lA first-mover advantage with offline media business experience. The media station needs to have a high-profile national launch to gain enough popularity across different user classes in India
lRequisite deep pockets.
lPowerful Brand Equity: Brand name that will spell familiarity and thus entice potential users into giving the concept a trial. After that, and this is crucial, the Network Externality cycle will have to start off, and there lies the gamble. The critical success factors depending on whether or not the Network Externality Cycle will start off are difficult to predict.
lPower base and entry barriers: Our media station sets the rules.
lOnce the Network Externality Cycle is set in motion, its market power grows so fast that potential competition will be hard put to catch up. The resources they will need to commit will be tremendous. A case in the point is the fact that Hotmail and Yahoo are still No.1 even though it is widely accepted that there are better e-mail systems and portals available for free on the Net.
lWith continuous innovation, a rising user base and the best brand name in the market, our media station too gets to occupy a similar privileged position on the Indian Net landscape. It becomes the trend-setter, the rule-maker and actually has the opportunity to shape the emerging market!
lLegal issues: As the Net market grows and its legal-regulatory framework is strengthened, there is a chance that copyright infringements may block a lot of activity in the media broadcasting sphere. This then pares down the list of potentials considerably and now shall permit only those having substantial rights to a lot of popular media entertainment offline to become big players in this field.
Put everything together and we have a huge opportunity for some enterprising player [or alliance of players] sharing the above broad criteria.
All in all, with the Net set to explode in usage in urban India, there may be at most 18 months-2 years at hand before an aspiring player fills up this space and kickstarts his own Network Externality Cycle. And once that happens, it is likely he will be out of reach of competition.
References:
1. Micheal Porter , ‘Competitive strategy’
2. F. Kolakata , ‘Frontiers in e-commerce’
3. Valeri Zeithmeil, ‘The Entertainment Economy’
4. The Internet
[4a] www.spectranet.com [Website of an ambitious Net-through-cable player]
[4b] www.sony.com
[4c] www.ciol.com [ringside view of the developments in the cable industry]
[4d] www.channelok.com [currently webcasts Indian music over the net]
 
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